rafaels madonna and child essays

rafael's madonna and child essays In this paper, I will discuss Rafaels Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints and also compare it to other paintings of the Madonna and Child by different artists. I will try to prove how the paintings differ according to their stylistic period in which they were painted by focusing on how each varies. Along with the differences is a lot of similarity in the themes of this particular work of art. For instance, the way the Madonna and Child are centered and raised above the other figures, and some gestures and symbols are recurrent themes. This continuity in themes reflects Christianities views of the holiness of the Madonna and Child, but variances in the styles of the paintings reflect societies changing views of Christianity in their lives. Madonna (the Virgin Mary, Mother of God) conceived a son (Jesus Christ), implanted in her womb by the Holy Spirit. As seen in several of the Annunciation artworks, the archangel Gabriel approaches Mary and brings her a message of her virgin conception of a baby boy, who is to be the Son of God. The Virgin Mary is symbolized for her humility and purity as we have seen in the Merode Altarpiece, where every item, dcor, and setting is representative of her sacredness and purity. The baby Jesus in Rafaels painting depicts the holiness of Christ even as a child as figures praise Him and as He makes the sign of blessing. Rafaels portrayal of the Madonna and child is very expressive in regard to its content. He uses some of the same patterns as other artists, such as the Child giving the sign of blessing, and centering the Madonna and Child. The artist however differs from many of the other artists who try to depict the same scene. For example, in Hans Memlings, Altarpiece of the Virgin with Saints and Angels (1479), the Virgin and Christ are not elevated above the other figures. Because this is 15th century Flemish art, we know that religion had become overl...

Applying when you dont meet all the requirements for a job

Applying when you dont meet all the requirements for a job Ever come across a job you’re keen on but decide not to apply because you couldn’t check off every item on the requirements list? Many of us (women especially, according to internal research by Hewlett-Packard) tend to shy away from putting our resumes forward if our qualifications are less than perfect for a role. And while some explain this away as a confidence issue, a survey reported on by Harvard Business Review showed that a good 41% to 46% of people don’t apply for positions they’re not 100% qualified for because they believe that the listed job criteria are set in stone, and they don’t want to waste time and energy if they don’t have a chance. But the truth is, it’s not often that hiring managers will insist that every requirement is met. In fact, field experts will tell you that a job description is usually just a bold act of optimism and wishful thinking on the part of a recruiter, who doesn’t honestly believe that suc h a dream candidate even exists. It’s much like the search for a romantic partner: we’d all like to find someone who ticks boxes X, Y, and Z, but we’d probably settle for a match with just X and a little Y.So, should you apply for that role that doesn’t quite align with your experience? It depends, but you definitely shouldn’t dismiss the possibility too quickly. To decide whether it’s worthwhile applying when you don’t meet all the requirements, ask yourself these questions. And if the answer to most is â€Å"yes,† go for it. (And if you think you’ll need help revamping your resume to the job ad specifications, consider putting   a free resume builder to work.)Questions to Ask Yourself When You’re Missing a Few QualificationsDo I satisfy the non-negotiable criteria?There’ll likely be a lot of fluff in the job description – â€Å"bonus† requirements, you might call them – but thereâ⠂¬â„¢ll also be certain must-haves that are key to a candidate’s ability to do the job. Figure out what these essentials are, and if you’re confident you possess them, then go ahead and apply. Remember, you can always grow into the nice-to-haves.Am I confident I can do the job?Read the posting carefully and try to envision what the successful candidate would do on a daily basis. Based on this, think about whether the role is one you genuinely believe you can take on, and whether you’re confident you could quickly fill any gaps. You’ll know deep down whether you’re capable despite your shortcomings or whether you’re aiming too high.Am I a good overall match?Answering this one also requires some thorough research – into the company culture, the hiring manager, and the team you’d work with. Employers regularly hire candidates that feel like a good fit, even if they don’t satisfy all the criteria. So, if you can clearly comm unicate why you’re an outstanding match based on the business’s values, goals, and working environment, you could potentially make up for the fact that you’re wanting in other departments.Does the job genuinely excite me?It’s important to be realistic here – no matter how much the prospect of being a pilot thrills you, you’re not going to get the job if you’ve never flown a plane. But if you’re more or less qualified and you’re really enthusiastic about the job and the organization, this will hopefully come across in your application and help to compensate for the few qualifications you lack.Do I have transferable skills relevant to the role?These are competencies you developed in former roles that transfer well to new (unrelated) positions – soft skills, for example, like the ability to communicate clearly and work well in a team. Analyze the posting and make connections between your skillset and the strengths th ey’d like a hire to have. If you can show that you possess many of the required abilities, even if you have insufficient technical knowledge, you have a higher chance of being considered for the role.Planning to Apply? Keep These Tips in MindSo, you’ve answered â€Å"yes† to most of the above, and you’ve decided to apply. Follow this advice to up your chances of landing an interview.Perfect your cover letterIf you’re thinking about applying when you don’t meet all the requirements, then you’re going to need a strong cover letter. Use it to highlight your transferable skills and the unique value you could offer, rather than focusing on what you lack. Be sure to also convey your passion for the position, your confidence in your ability to do the job, and your commitment to hitting the ground running.Use the right keywords Take note of the kind of language that’s used in the job ad and pepper your resume and cover letter with iden tical industry-specific phrases (while still being honest). This way, you can work the system to your advantage and get your application through keyword-reliant applicant tracking systems (ATSs) and into human hands.Connect with an insiderWhen the odds are stacked against you, your best chances at success lie with having the right connections. Don’t know anyone at the company? Check LinkedIn to be sure. Still nothing? Then research relevant names and reach out to them to ask (politely) if you can send through a few questions – or better yet, meet over coffee. Once you’ve established a connection who can make introductions, you’re a lot closer to securing your dream position, and it starts to matter less that you don’t meet every requirement.LiveCareer  offers assistance to jobseekers at every step of the journey. Access free  resume templates  and  resume examples, plus a  cover letter builder  and advice on how to answer  interview q uestions  of all stripes.

Organizational Stress and Violence Literature review

Organizational Stress and Violence - Literature review Example In the Literature review, an idea was taken regarding the concept of stress management prevalent in the UAE. Besides, the causes and the impact of stress on police personals were also closely studied.   The paper aimed at finding out the relationship between labor productivity and the stress experienced by them. In order to reach an inference, studies were conducted in well over 20 multinational firms based in the United Kingdom. The appropriate research methodology was chosen for the study and the analysis reflects the use of stress management techniques in organizations. The quantitative regression analysis reflected positive results and showed that the use of effective stress management techniques benefits the organization considerably and helps to improve the overall productivity of the organization. The ideas of different stress management techniques were closely studied for the purpose and their benefits associated with raising the productivity were closely surveyed. To reach the conclusion a huge number of data collections were done which was a major part of the research work and their simultaneous analysis was done critically and minutely. Though positive results were derived from the research work still the research work was accompanied by a lot of limitations in the overall process. The definition of Stress has been debated over the years. The most accepted definition however framed defines stress as the undesirable and poor reactions which people exhibit when the excess amount of pressure and demands is exerted upon them. It is the general reaction which people reflects when they do not have the ability to cope with the demands. The common symptoms which reflect that a person is suffering from stress include insomnia, changes in behavior and increased addiction towards alcohol and drugs. In the case of work-related stress, the symptoms exhibited are different such as exhaustion and depressions. (Feilder, Lewis & Yarker, 2011) In the present business environment, the business exerts substantial pressures on the employees to utilize most of their productivity. However, sometimes the level of pressure becomes too excessive for the clients and gives rise to stress. The main reasons for stress which are encountered by the employees in their workplace are mentioned b elow.

Johanine community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Johanine community - Essay Example Moreover, the Gospel also revealed that Jesus is the replica of God. In this respect, the Johannine community comprised Christians worshipping Jesus as the Messiah and following the preachments made by John through the Gospel and the Epistles (Brown 13-24). The Gospel of John lacked information about Ecclesiology, which created an issue amid Christians representing Johannine community, as Johannine theology failed in describing the concept of God. Another crucial issue faced by the Johannine community was to determine whether the opposing statements identified in the Gospel of John were made to the society as a whole or to any particular religion. Respectively, the scholars and the people faced the issue of interpreting the information about Johannine Ecclesiology. In this context, the study of the book ‘The Community of Beloved Disciples’ written by Robert E. Brown conducted a study about the emergence and the reconstruction of Johannine community, so that the a proper understanding is acquired about the New Testament and the messages depicted in it are delivered successfully to the Christians (Brown 13-24). The Johannine community is developed with different theology presented by Saint John as compared to other disciplines. In this regard, the Christians were seemed to face difficulties in following the Johannine Ecclesiology. In order to possess an in-depth understanding about the emergence as well as the modernization of Christian community, the four phases of Johannine community revealed by Robert E. Brown have been elaborately studied in the following. The different spheres of the Johannine community were assessed from the Gospel and the Epistles of John in order to acquire better understanding about the life and the events of Jesus. An analysis of the four phases of the community had aided in reconstructing the beliefs as well as the theology of the Christians. The four phases have been analyzed

Locke vs Hobbes Essay Example for Free

Locke vs Hobbes Essay Locke believed that, â€Å"human behavior came from thought which was learned and subject to the influence of reason and observation.† Locke’s main ideas were positive to the human race. He also states that humans know right from wrong, and they are intelligent enough to solve the problems in front of them and realizing what is lawful and unlawful. Locke believed, â€Å"God created man and we were, in effect, God’s property.† John Locke believes that a government should be some form of a social contract, were the people who were being ruled, had some say in the laws. According to him, men are born with the three freedoms of life, liberty, and property. A government is there to protect those rights and improve the state of nature for each individual. An illegitimate government is one who fails to protect these rights, is ruled by a supreme ruler, and does not listen to what the people who are actually being governed have to say. To make a government equal and sufficient for the human race, ideas need to be taken from all kinds of people and applied to the rights each person enjoys every day. Locke believes that an absolute ruler can be over-thrown by the people if the choices they are making neglect the many things people enjoy. Many monarch powers were arising through Europe during this time period, and John Locke was creating the ideas and reasons to downplay the power of these rulers. On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes believed that humans were naturally evil. He thought the only way to control these naturally wicked people were to hold them under a strong government. Hobbes believed in Leviathans that are powerful sea monsters, which can equally resemble the amount of power a ruler, had during this time. Thomas Hobbes fully agreed with the idea of this ruler-centered government. By giving their rights to a supreme power, individuals were believed to gain law and order. This law and order will protect the individuals’ security and benefit their empire or region as a whole. The best government was one â€Å"which could impose order and demand obedience.† So in Thomas Hobbes view, to be a successful individual you need to hand your rights to that supreme ruler of your region and be granted with the simple laws which will govern you through your life.

Im Not Scared by Niccolò Ammaniti Essay -- Niccolò Ammaniti Im Not Sc

â€Å"I’m not scared explores the notion that only the strong will thrive.† Discuss. Thrive v.i. grow well; flourish, prosper. The characters in ‘I’m not scared’ are living, not thriving. They’re all weak in different ways and their strength is dying slowly. All of the characters have an individual battle with weakness. Many of the characters appear to be strong but are really just helpless beings, existing in a place where the strength comes from violence and abuse. Often the truly strong characters are the innocent children, who are forced to grow up because of the adult irresponsibility that surrounds them and the burdens placed upon them by the people they trust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michele Amitrano is a young Italian boy, who is taken advantage of, mentally and emotionally, by the people he loves and trusts. He is bullied by the local children, especially Skull, a troubled boy that follows in the footsteps of his misfit brother Felice. Michele is betrayed by his father and faced with one of the hardest decisions he would ever have to make. Although Michele deals with his situation well, he is the most vulnerable character in the novel because his family’s shame is placed upon him. When Michele’s father Pino, tells Michele that he must stand by his family and remain silent about their involvement in a kidnapping, Michele is plagued by guilt, especially since he developed a friendship with the kidnapped Prince Filippo. It is inevitable that Michele will burst inside because of the burd...

Tupac

There are many conspiracy theories concerning the life and death of Tupac Shakur. Tupac Amaru Shakur was an American rapper and actor. Tupac was born New York, New York, United States on 16 June 1971. His birth name was Lesane Parish Crooks. Tupac was killed on September 13, 1996, in Las Vegas, Nevada. There have been many different stories about his death. People say he is still alive and then people said he is dead. There have also been people saying his death was caused because of his music and the Illuminati killed him.Various conspiracy theorists throughout the public believe that the Illuminati killed Tupac because he was exposing them and also not promoting the ideals that they desired. The ways Tupac exposed the Illuminati was one way by his lyrics in his songs, for example: in one of his songs it says: â€Å"im seeinin’ demons hittin’ weed got me hearin’ screams† scared to go to sleep, watch the scene like a dope-fiend peobably be punished for it (exposing the Illuminati), thiugh you can’t ignore it.I live the life of a thug nigga, and die for it niggaz pass the clip and watch me bring em to the floor I got some shit that they ain’t ready for (what you got? ) I got the secretz of was† (about the illuminati). Another example of how Tupac exposed the Illuminati in his lyrics is another song he wrote, he said: â€Å"Busters dhot me five times, real niggaz don’t die cant ya hear me? Laced with this game, I know you fear me spit the secret to war, so (Illiminati) cowards fear me my only fear of death is renicarnation heart of a solider with a brain to teach your whole nation (about the illuminati) And feelin no more pain. Another example of how Tupac exposed the Illuminati was by using symbols in his music videos, album cover pictures, and etc. Illuminati symbols are branched across numerous things you come across in your everyday life. The pryamid, the â€Å"all seeing eye† (of Horus or Lucifer (Represents the knowledge Lucifer gave to the secret Societies)), the using of the devil horns with your hands, the flashing if a 666 by using the symbol for â€Å"okay†. Tupac’s final album was called: The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. The theme of all the songs had to do with the Illuminati.Before going to prison, Tupac was conveying the ideals such as â€Å"thug life,† drinking, having sex, and other ideals that the people wanted to hear. Tupac had been to jail many times before. In 1995, Tupac lost his temper when he was cut from a film and was arrested when he assaulted the film's director. Also, in 1995, a jury convicted him of sexual abuse and sentenced him to four and a half years in prison. After eight months in prison Shakur was released when Suge Knight, head of Death Row Records, paid his one-million-dollar bail.After the last time he got out of jail, he was more of a Christian came out of prison as a changed man. In 1994 Tupac was against the Illuminati’s concepts also. Tupac started promoting more positive ideas very effectively due to the amount of respect he gained. He was then considered a threat to the Illuminati leading people to believe that this may have led to the Illuminati plotting his death. The development of the Illuminati was founded on May 1, 1776, in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria) and became known as the Order of the Illuminati, with an initial membership of 5, by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt (d. 830), who was the very first lay professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt. It was made up of freethinkers as a descendant of the Enlightenment and appears to have actually been modeled on the Freemasons. The Illuminati’s members took a vow of silence and pledged obedience to their superiors. Group members were split into 3 primary sections, each with a number of qualifications, and lots of Illuminati chapters drew membership from other Masonic lodges. (Illuminati History) Originally Weish aupt had planned the order to be named the â€Å"Perfectibilists†.The group has also been called the Bavarian Illuminati and its ideology has been called â€Å"Illuminism†. Many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, including Ferdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Xavier von Zwack, the second-in-command of the order. The order had branches in most European countries: it reportedly had around 2,000 members over the span of ten years. It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder and the reigning dukes of Gotha and Weimar. In 1777 Karl Theodor became ruler of Bavaria.He was a proponent of Enlightened Despotism and his government banned all secret societies including the Illuminati. Internal rupture and panic over succession preceded its downfall, which was affected by the Secular Edict made by the Bavarian government. ] The March 2, 1785 edict â€Å"seems to have been deathblow to the Illuminati in Bavaria. † Weishaupt had fled and documents and internal correspondences, seized in 1786 and 1787, were subsequently published by the government in 1787. Von Zwack's home was searched to disclose much of the group's literature. There are also theories about Tupac faking his death, and he is still alive.The 7 Day Theory is an idea pushed by the proponents that attempt to find the smallest details of any situation in order to provide more support for the conspiracy. This evidence is very disputable, because some will slightly alter details in order to gain the evidence needed. Deep personal research is suggested when inspecting the details of the 7 Day Theory. The repetition of an occurrence of numbers can happen anytime. The Number 23, a movie from New Line Cinema, mentioned multiple occurrences of the number 23. Using these occurrences of numbers for support is weak and quite silly.Some believers of the conspiracy favor to point out the 7 Day Theory. A main focus of that is the title of one of his albums, The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. Many parts of his life and death bring about suspicion that focuses on the number 7. It is noticed that Tupac survived 7 days after he was shot. He was shot on the 7th of September and managed to stay alive until the 13th. That is seven days if you include the day he was shot. Others also notice that he was officially announced dead at 4:03 p. m. As we know, four plus three equals seven. Tupac, aka Makaveli, died at the age 25.His age of death is another key factor that relates two numbers adding up to 7. Two plus five happens to equal seven. Another coincidence that is suspect to this significance of 7 is the release date of All Eyez on Me. Tupac died exactly seven months after the release of the album, which was released on February 13, 1996. Tupac died on September 13, 1996 (Scott, 1997). One of the major components of the conspiracy theories is the lyrics of Tupac’s songs. Many believe that Pac left us clues about, and even foretelling, his death. By examining bits and pieces of his music, conspiracists hope to extract a deeper meaning to them as a whole.One song he wrote was named: â€Å"Ambitionz az a Ridah†, the lyrics were: â€Å"Blast me but they didn't finish, didn't diminish my powers so now I'm back to be a muthaf*&kin' menace, they cowards that’s why they tried to set me up, had b*tch a*s niggas on my team so indeed they wet me up, but I’m back reincarnated. † Many believers take this statement to suggest Tupac was reincarnated as Makaveli. Another song he wrote was â€Å"Blasphemy†, the lyrics were: â€Å"I'm contemplating thoughts, wondering the thought to go, Brotha getting shot coming back resurrected. † Here, a direct statement about coming back is made.One last song was â€Å"Only Fear of Death†, the lyrics were: â€Å"Never will I die, I'll be back. † Here is a third instance in which Tupac i mplies his resurrection. On multiple accounts, he mentions a plot but never specifies his plan of action. There are many conspiracy theories concerning the life and death of Tupac Shakur. Many say the Illiminati killed him, and then there’s theriors that he faked his death, and he is living in cuba. Citations â€Å"BallerStatus. com. † BallerStatus. com. Ronnie Gamble, 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. .Houston, Akil. â€Å"Shakur, Tupac. † Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century. Ed. Paul FinkelmanNew York: Oxford UP, 2008. Oxford African American Studies Center. Fri Nov 02 00:59:44 EDT 2012. . Illuminati History Secrets. † Illuminati History. Illuminati History, 2012. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. illuminatihistory. net/;. â€Å"Illuminati. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Oct. 2012. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. ;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Illuminati;.

Marketing Management Essay

The brand is the most important factor in the marketing strategy of a company. Brand represents the name under which a company markets a product and therefore it is an important factor in the overall growth sale of the product. A brand identifies a product from similar other products. In marketing a brand is perhaps the most important factor that differentiates the performance of same products in the market. There will be strong and weak brands in the market but this depends on the product quality and the appeal that the company markets to the target consumers. Stronger brands tend to sell more events without marketing since they have already won the heart of the consumers. A brand strategy can be defined as an important strategy that a company takes to market its product. A brand strategy is an important strategy that is undertaken by a company to create a strong brand in the market. There are important factors that a company has to take into consideration in formulating a brand strategy. Aaker came up with important factor that a company has to consider in their brand strategy in order to ensure that there is overall success of the brand in the market. Brand equity is a term which stem from the greater confided that consumer has in a brand compared to the competing brands in the market. This is the way in which consumers perceive a certain brand as more fulfilling to their needs when compared with other brands in the market. It is brand confidence which later translates to the consumer loyalty in a brand. This confidence also helps the consumer to be able to pay a certain premium price in order to obtain certain product in the market. This paper will look closely into brand equity in light of the Aakar model. It will look into the application of brand equity following the Aaar model for Blacks which is one of the leading shopping outlets in Britain. It will apply the four factors to make recommendation to the board on what the company can undertake to develop strong brand equity. Background of the company Black Leisure Group is one of the leading companies in the UK that holds different shopping outdoor groups under that name. The company has been raised an important preference to customer owing to strong brands they have created in the market. Under the company there are three outdoor groups which operate under that name. These include millet, Blacks, Free Spirit, Mambo, and O’Neill Rectal and O’Neill Whole sale. Millet is the largest outdoor retail in the UK and has specialized in the provision of all the products which are used in various outdoor activities. On the other hand Mambo and Free sprit are the leading rattail chain in the emerging UK board wear market. The company has been able to consolidate the retail outdoor marketing by positioning different outlets in different markets. This has ensured that there is a high level of specialization from each retail outlet which has given the company a competitive edge when company to others. This is because all the groups under the name market different product and they are able to give the best owing to a high level of specialization. Freespirit is the leading UK shop which is known for distribution of the surf, skate and snowboard, footwear and others. The demand of the product in the market has been increasing and currently there are more than 30 free sprit stores distributed all over the UK. They mainly cater for the young, active and the fashion conscious men and women who have shown increasing need for these products. On the other hand Mambo has risen to be a leading Australian surf and street wear brand. The product was launched in 1984 in a pair of some reasonable authentic board shorts and a small range of oversized t-shirts. The brand has grown over the years from an irrelevant and sardonic brand into an icon in the surf wear labels. This has been achieved through effective brand management strategy which has made the brand a name in the surf wear segment. O’Neill has grown to become a leading name in the world of board wear. The Black Leisure Group plc has been the exclusive right of distribution of this brand. The brand in sold in wholesale and retain in the whole of UK and currently there are about 8 outlets which operate under the name of O’Neill mainly selling the board wear. The Board wear Division is comprised of the wholesale and the retail arms of the O’Neill brand which has risen to become one of the leading names in the board wear market. In order to consolidate the market well, the group has been given an exclusive distribution right for the brand in the UK market. Dimension of brand equity Brand equity is build around brand personality. Bother terms are important and they are used to support the other. Brand personally describes the core factors which to identify brand. These are the characters of a brand which helps a certain market segment to identify with that brand compared to all the other brands in the same category. Brand personality is therefore a measure of personality related to a brand in the market. Brand personality is an important concept that helps to identify the brand with the target market. It is personalization of any brand according to the target market. Brand personality is therefore the profile of any brand which is used as an analogy with human beings. They are those characteristic which will assist somebody to like the certain brands compared to the other brands in the same market. There are many considerations that a customer makes when they are in the market. There are those consideration that will make the customer get more attracted to buy a product while there are those which will make someone to dislike a brand even before it they have had an experience with it. Therefore there are specific characteristics in a brand that helps the customer to choose one brand from the other. When we go shopping we usually make a number of considerations which can be cognitive, economical or psychological. For example unless we are doing impulse shopping we will always purchase a product that we need. This means that we must have a physiological factor that is compelling us to purchase that product. But when we go shopping, we are likely to meet different brands in the market. Among all those brands we are supposed to purchase one. At this juncture there is different consideration that we will make to choose one brand from all those we find in the shop. One of the considerations we are like to make is the economic consideration. Most researches have shown that customers are likely to by that product that will give them maximum utility from the amount that they will invest. No one is likely to purchase a product that will not give them the needed value. We will also make cognitive consideration like we are likely to purchase products that we think matches our class. In this case this might also depend on the place where we are going to shop. All these factors are found in the brand that we are purchase. We will purchase the brand that will earn more marks after going through this consideration. This is an important factor in the marketing and the branding strategy since a brand will tend to include most of the characteristic which will enable it to appeal to the target market. Therefore brand personality will be the characteristic in this brand which will help the customer to give it more markets when compared to the rest of the brands. These are the characteristic of the brand that makes the customer seen the brand as more fulfilling to other needs compared to the other brands. They are important factor in that brand that can reflect their personal characteristic. If a customer thinks they live in the upper class, then they are likely to purchase products which also reflect an upper class even if they are the same with others. There has to be a difference that the customer will attribute to that brand that will make them differentiae it with other brands. This will help them to make the final decision to purchase the product. Therefore brand equity as build around brand personality can be described as the incremental value of a certain product which can be attributed to that brand. It is the value that a consumer will attach to a product owing the strength of the brand in the market or owing to the overall value that the consumers are likely to attach to that certain brand. They are important aspects of the product that have helped the consumer to develop confidence in the brand and which makes them to ultimately choose to pay a certain price for that product compared to the others in the market. Brand equity according to Aaker According to Aaker, there are important steps that brand must go through in order to win the said confidence of the consumers. These are important steps that the brand goes through in the market before it is finally recognized by the consumer and before it makes an impact in the consumer market. The following are the important stages that are important in building brand equity: †¢ Awareness of the brand †¢ Brand association †¢ Perceive quality †¢ Brand loyalty †¢ Other brands asset or the competitive advantage Aakder assert that brand equity gives value to customer through building the capacity of the customer to interpreter and process the information and to develop confidence in the decision making process as we described above. It also helps to raise the valve of customer by enhancing the user satisfaction of the brand. (Aaker 1991, p. 92) On the other hand the same brands equity provide value to firms through the enhancement of efficient and the effectiveness of the marketing program, enhancing brand loyalty, prices and the margin, and through enhancing the extension, the leverage of trade and raising its competitive advantage of the brand. (Neumeier 2006, p. 38) Brand equity is therefore useful to both consumers and the firms. It is an important marketing process that determines the way a product is received by consumers and how it performs owing the seen value to the consumers. (Chu and Hean 2006, p 24) Application of the brand equity model to Blacks Leisure Group To accept and understand the applicability of brand equity model, we will review how this model can be applied to Black Leisure group to understand how the company has built its brands over the years. We will also give recommendation on the further steps that can be undertaken by the company to develop its brand more in the market in view of the personality qualities of the consumers who purchases products from the company. Black Leisure Group is one of the companies which have build strong brand in the UK market. The company has been specializing in an exception market which can be perceived to have low demand of the product but apparently it is one of the biggest marketing the UK. The market has been growing over the years and the company has responded by producing various brands which are targeted to satisfy the growing market Brand awareness This is the initial step in any brand equity strategy. Brand awareness will encompass various efforts that are carried out by any company in order to raise the awareness of its brand in the market. Brand awareness is usually achieved through a number of ways which are aimed at ensuring that the brand reaches to the target market. (Keller 2003, p. 50) Black Leisure Group has been making important steps in creating the awareness of their brands. The most important steps that have been taken by the company have been through advertisement in various advertising outlets. Advertisement remains the single most important activities that can be used by any company in order to create brand awareness in the market. The company has carried out various advertisements in the mass media which are aimed at reaching the target market. However the company has not explored all the available channels to advertisement its product. It overlies on its website to take its proudest to the market. This means that brand awareness is only limited to the segment of the market which is searching for outdoor wear. It should diversify its advertisement strategy so as to reach wide segment of the market even for those who are not involved in advertisement. Brand association Brand association is an important factor in brand equity. Brand association describes the extent to which customers can actually association with the brand that is being sold in the market. Brand association is determined by the extent to which a brand can satisfy the demands of the consumers. (Ailawadi, Donald and Scott 2003, p. 43) Black Leisure Group has come up with effective brands which the consumers can associate with. The Group has identified important characteristics in their target market group and the therefore it has produced products which reflect the needs of this group. Brand association comes as result of the product bearing the most important characteristic that the target consumers can identify with. The company should therefore come up with an effective market data that will identify the specific characteristics which can be used by the target group to identify with. In order to understand the important characteristics the company will include in its product, an effective market study should be carried out which well help the company to formulate brand strategy to identify with the target consumers. Perceived quality Perceived quality describes how the consumer thinks they will get in the products compared to what they would get from another brand. It is the comparative advantage of a brand compared to the others. Perceived quality is important in the purchase decision making process since it is the main factor that is considered by the consumers before they purchase their product. For a company like Black Leisure Group, consumers will make decision on whether to buy their products depending on the quality of their brands compared to other brands in the market. In order to rise the perceive quality of their brands, the company should come up with high quality demands that will meet the needs of the consumer and offer them at an affordable prices. This will ensure that the consumer finds more value for their money. Brand loyalty The brand loyalty in a brand comes only after the customer has experienced the product and when they find that the product satisfies their demands. It is an after purchase experience of the product that makes the consumers to identify with a particular brand. When the consumer finds that the products are satisfying their demands, they are likely to purchase it again unlike when the product does not satisfy their demand. (Keller 2003, p. 41) Black Leisure Group has provided their customer with goods which keeps them coming again. Most of the consumer in these shops has been repeated buyers which mean they have already experienced the quality of the products from these shops and they are likely to go for more of their products again. However the company should invest more in the development of their brand in order to address the changing consumer demands. With the increased globalization, customers are having experiences of different products and the marketing strategy has to be kept up to date with the new developments in the market. This will ensure that the company meets the changing nature of consumer demands. (Leuthesser, Kohli and. Harich 1995, p. 92) Competitive advantage Competitive advantage describes how a brand appeals to the consumers compared to the other brands in the market. Competitive advantage is the sum of all the above process we have reviewed and it describes the specific way in which the brand appeals to the consumer when the compare its value and that of other brands. The Black Leisure Group products have created a competitive advantage over the other brands in the market by given consumer value for their brands. It has ensured that it provides quality products that meet the needs of the consumers. Conclusion and recommendations Black Leisure Group has strived to create strong brands in the market which has become its important selling point. The company has risen to become a leading outlet for outdoor activity wears. However there are still important areas that the company can improve on in order to widen its market base. The company should come up with more advertisement activities which will ensure that it targets a large customer base. The company should also come up with a variety of needed products which are more aimed at addressing the changing nature of consumer demands in the market.

Free Essays on Henry Adams

Henry Adams believed that the mass majority of his students were â€Å"sluggish-minded boys† (301) that would take any information as fact solely because it came from a professor’s lecture. He describes that students are difficult to engage in discussion which coerced him to â€Å"devise schemes to find what they were thinking about† (302). He also portrays students as too â€Å"agreeable† to professors’ suggestions. Adams’ perceived his students as sheep-like individuals or people who would just go with the flow. They never really made any effort to question or engage their professors in conversation about claims. In Adams’ opinion â€Å"the only privilege a student had that was worth his claiming, was that of talking to the professor†. He believes that students should take advantage of opportunities to actually talk to the professor to further benefit their understandings of material. I agree with Adams’ assessment of his students mainly because students have not changed much since then. The majority of students are still going to school not for the sake of learning, but for that â€Å"A† on an exam. Most students still go to class just for the information so they can do well on the test or paper, get their college degree, and make lots of money. Very few go to class to exchange ideas with their professor or feel inclined to investigate certain material. From personal experience, I believe students are still sluggish or sheep-like, too dependent on their professors, and are pursuing a higher education for the wrong reasons. Adams stated that â€Å"nine minds in ten take polish passively, like a hard surface; only the tenth sensibly reacts† (302). Most students are pretty much â€Å"mindless†, just looking toward the professor for the answers. The nine minds that take polish passively, like a hard surface, are just going with the flow to get by. In their minds, whatever the professor acknowledges is true, and there is... Free Essays on Henry Adams Free Essays on Henry Adams Henry Adams believed that the mass majority of his students were â€Å"sluggish-minded boys† (301) that would take any information as fact solely because it came from a professor’s lecture. He describes that students are difficult to engage in discussion which coerced him to â€Å"devise schemes to find what they were thinking about† (302). He also portrays students as too â€Å"agreeable† to professors’ suggestions. Adams’ perceived his students as sheep-like individuals or people who would just go with the flow. They never really made any effort to question or engage their professors in conversation about claims. In Adams’ opinion â€Å"the only privilege a student had that was worth his claiming, was that of talking to the professor†. He believes that students should take advantage of opportunities to actually talk to the professor to further benefit their understandings of material. I agree with Adams’ assessment of his students mainly because students have not changed much since then. The majority of students are still going to school not for the sake of learning, but for that â€Å"A† on an exam. Most students still go to class just for the information so they can do well on the test or paper, get their college degree, and make lots of money. Very few go to class to exchange ideas with their professor or feel inclined to investigate certain material. From personal experience, I believe students are still sluggish or sheep-like, too dependent on their professors, and are pursuing a higher education for the wrong reasons. Adams stated that â€Å"nine minds in ten take polish passively, like a hard surface; only the tenth sensibly reacts† (302). Most students are pretty much â€Å"mindless†, just looking toward the professor for the answers. The nine minds that take polish passively, like a hard surface, are just going with the flow to get by. In their minds, whatever the professor acknowledges is true, and there is...

Biography of Amedeo Avogadro, Italian Scientist

Biography of Amedeo Avogadro, Italian Scientist Amedeo Avogadro (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian scientist known for his research on gas volume, pressure, and temperature. He formulated the gas law known as Avogadros law, which states that all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules per volume. Today, Avogadro is considered an important early figure in atomic theory. Fast Facts: Amedeo Avogadro Known For: Formulating the experimental gas law known as Avogadros lawBorn: August 9, 1776 in Turin, ItalyDied: July 9, 1956 in Turin, ItalyPublished Works: Essai dune manià ¨re de dà ©terminer les masses relatives des molà ©cules à ©là ©mentaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons  (Essay on Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions by Which They Enter These Combinations)Spouse: Felicita Mazzà ©Children: Six Early Life Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro was born into a family of distinguished Italian lawyers in 1776. Following in his familys footsteps, he studied ecclesiastical law and began to practice on his own before eventually turning his attention to the natural sciences. In 1800, Avogadro began private studies in physics and mathematics. His very first experiments were conducted with his brother on the subject of electricity. Career In 1809, Avogadro started teaching the natural sciences in a liceo (high school) in Vericelli. It was in Vericelli, while experimenting with gas densities, that Avogadro noticed something surprising: the combination of two volumes of hydrogen gas with one volume of oxygen gas produced two volumes of water vapor. Given the understanding of gas densities at the time, Avogadro had expected the reaction to produce only one volume of water vapor. That the experiment produced two lead him to surmise that oxygen particles consisted of two atoms (he actually used the word molecule). In his writings, Avogadro referred to three different types of molecules: integral molecules (most similar to what scientists call molecules today), constituent molecules (those that are part of an element), and elementary molecules (similar to what scientists now call atoms). His study of such elementary particles was highly influential in the field of atomic theory. Avogadro was not alone in his study of gases and molecules. Two other scientists- English chemist John Dalton and French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac- were also exploring these topics around the same time, and their work had a strong influence on him. Dalton is best remembered for articulating the basics of atomic theory- that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Gay-Lussac is best remembered for his eponymous gas pressure-temperature law. Avogadro wrote a memoria (concise note) in which he described the experimental gas law that now bears his name. He sent this memoria to De Lamà ©theries Journal de Physique, de Chemie et dHistoire naturelle, and it was published in the July 14, 1811 issue. Though his discovery is now considered a foundational aspect of chemistry, it did not receive much notice in his time. Some historians believe that Avogadros work was overlooked because the scientist worked in relative obscurity. Although Avogadro was aware of his contemporaries discoveries, he did not move in their social circles and he did not begin corresponding with other major scientists until late in his career. Very few of Avogadros papers were translated into English and German during his lifetime. Additionally, his ideas were likely neglected because they contradicted those of more famous scientists. In 1814, Avogadro published a memoria about gas densities, and in 1820 he became the first chair of mathematical physics at the University of Turin. As a member of a government commission on weights and measures, he helped introduce the metric system to the Piedmont region of Italy. The standardization of measurements made it easier for scientists in different regions to understand, compare, and evaluate each others work. Avogadro also served as a member of the Royal Superior Council on Public Instruction. Personal Life Not much is known about Avogadros private life. In 1815, he married Felicita Mazzà ©; the couple had six children. Some historical accounts indicate that Avogadro sponsored and aided a group of people planning a revolution on the island of Sardinia, which was ultimately stopped by the concession of Charles Alberts modern Constitution (Statuto Albertino). Because of his alleged political actions, Avogadro was removed as a  professor at the University of Turin. However, doubts remain as to the nature of Avogadros association with the Sardinians. In any case, increasing acceptance of both revolutionary ideas and Avogadros work led to his reinstatement at the University of Turin in 1833. Death In 1850, Avogadro retired from the University of Turin at the age of 74. He died on July 9, 1856. Legacy Avogadro is best known today for his eponymous gas law, which states that equal volumes of gasses, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. Avogadros hypothesis wasnt generally accepted until 1858 (two years after Avogadros death)  when the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro was able to explain why there were some organic chemical exceptions to Avogadros hypothesis. Cannizzaro helped clarify some of Avogadros ideas, including his view of the relationship between atoms and molecules. He also provided empirical evidence by calculating the molecular (atomic) weights of various substances. One of the most important contributions of Avogadros work was his resolution of the confusion surrounding atoms and molecules (although he didnt use the term atom). Avogadro believed that particles could be composed of molecules and that molecules could be composed of still simpler units (which we now call atoms). The number of molecules in a mole (one gram molecular weight) was termed Avogadros number (sometimes called Avogadros constant) in honor of Avogadros theories. Avogadros number has been experimentally determined to be 6.023x1023 molecules per gram-mole. Sources Datta, N. C.  The Story of Chemistry. Universities Press, 2005.Morselli, Mario.  Amedeo Avogadro: a Scientific Biography. Reidel, 1984.

Build a Learning Managment System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Build a Learning Managment System - Essay Example decentralisation, prices have remained relatively low and simple making it very cheap for many other networks, such as big companies, telecoms firms and educational establishments to connect to the Internet (Economist, 2003). Education is one area that has largely embraced the location-free advantage of the internet with innovations such as e-learning. Educational establishments have always strived to reach out to all sections of society by offering distance-learning modules to students who could not always travel to the teaching location, for example, adults with children. This was not optimal as the success for both the establishment and the student was based on access to a central location as the traditional teaching methods were centralised. The student came to the classroom, and not the other way round. E-learning on the other hand, brings the classroom to the student. The internet has been instrumental in the development of e-learning, web blackboards and has totally changed the nature of distance learning. The internet has resulted in an increase in sales of personal computers and record internet subscriptions. As a result, students of almost every age are far ahead of their teachers in computer literacy. Students are also aware that they can do everything faster, and gain access to a wealth of information (Zuckerman). Students can now take virtual trips and collaborate with other students around the world and access the best libraries (Zuckerman) such as the Athens database and the British Library for current information on various topics. The benefits are also available to tutors as they can compare techniques with colleagues around the country and create innovative teaching modules. When it comes to the internet, the possibilities seem limitless. Schools, universities and colleges are facing increasing pressure to enter the digital world. However this has cost implications, especially when the pace of IT development is growing